The caste census in India refers to the collection of data on the various caste groups within the population. While the decennial Census of India collects data on Scheduled Castes (SCs) and Scheduled Tribes (STs), it has not officially recorded data on other castes since 1931. In recent years, there has been a growing demand for a comprehensive caste-based census to better understand the socio-economic conditions of all caste groups, especially the Other Backward Classes (OBCs).
Supporters argue that such data is essential for effective policymaking, targeted welfare schemes, and ensuring social justice. Critics, however, warn that it could deepen caste divisions and lead to political misuse. The debate around caste census intensified after states like Bihar undertook their own caste surveys to assess the population's composition and needs more accurately.
In essence, the caste census remains a significant yet sensitive issue, reflecting India’s complex social structure and ongoing struggles for equality and representation.
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